Access Specifiers in C++

Access specifiers in C++ determine the accessibility of the class members. There are three types:

• Public members: accessible from anywhere where the object is visible.
• Protected members: accessible from other members of the same class (or from their "friends"), but also from members of their derived classes.
• Private members: accessible only from within other members of the same class (or from their "friends").

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Code Example

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Explanation

1. BaseClass has three members with different access specifiers:
   • public_member: accessible from anywhere.
   • protected_member: accessible within BaseClass and DerivedChass.
   • private_member: only accessible within BaseClass.
2. DerivedChass inherits from BaseClass:
   • dispProtected(): Can access protected_member because it's inherited.
   • Trying to access private_member directly will fail because it's private to BaseClass.
3. In the main function:
   • We create an object derivedObj of DerivedChass.
   • Access the public_member directly.
   • Call dispProtected() to access protected_member.
   • Call dispPrivate() to access private_member through a public member function of BaseClass.

Conclusion

Access specifiers are crucial in C++ for encapsulating data and controlling access to class members. They help in maintaining the integrity of data and providing secure access mechanisms.